![]() Damage, scarring or narrowing of the trachea.Displacement of the tracheostomy tube from the trachea.Long-term complications are more likely the longer a tracheostomy is in place. A collection of blood (hematoma), which may form in the neck and compress the trachea, causing breathing problems.Buildup of air between the chest wall and lungs (pneumothorax), which causes pain, breathing problems or lung collapse.Air trapped in tissue under the skin of the neck (subcutaneous emphysema), which can cause breathing problems and damage to the trachea or food pipe (esophagus).Misplacement or displacement of the tracheostomy tube.Damage to the trachea, thyroid gland or nerves in the neck.The risk of such problems greatly increases when the tracheotomy is performed as an emergency procedure. Some complications are particularly likely during or shortly after surgery. Tracheostomies are generally safe, but they do have risks. Once a person is transferred to a hospital and stabilized, a cricothyrotomy is replaced by a tracheostomy if there's a need for long-term breathing assistance. This procedure creates a hole directly into the voice box (larynx) at a site immediately below the Adam's apple (thyroid cartilage). A related and somewhat less risky procedure used in emergency care is a cricothyrotomy (kry-koe-thie-ROT-uh-me). ![]() However, in the case of an emergency, it may be necessary to create a hole in a person's throat when outside of a hospital, such as at the scene of an accident.Įmergency tracheotomies are difficult to perform and have an increased risk of complications. Most tracheotomies are performed in a hospital setting. Other emergency situations when breathing is obstructed and emergency personnel can't put a breathing tube through your mouth and into your trachea.Severe trauma to the head or neck that obstructs breathing.Preparation for major head or neck surgery to assist breathing during recovery.Paralysis, neurological problems or other conditions that make it difficult to cough up secretions from your throat and require direct suctioning of the windpipe (trachea) to clear your airway.Medical conditions that block or narrow your airway, such as vocal cord paralysis or throat cancer.Medical conditions that make it necessary to use a breathing machine (ventilator) for an extended period, usually more than one or two weeks.Situations that may call for a tracheostomy include:
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